# Slice

This Go program is a tutorial that demonstrates various concepts related to slices, a dynamic array-like data structure in Go. The code covers topics such as slice creation, modification, appending, copying, and working with two-dimensional slices.

Below is a detailed explanation of the code:

```go
package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "slices"
)

func main() {

   // Declare an uninitialized slice of strings
   var s []string

   // Print the uninitialized slice, its nil status, and its length
   fmt.Println("uninit:", s, s == nil, len(s) == 0) // Output: uninit: [] true true

   // Create an empty slice of strings with a length of 3 and a capacity of 3
   s = make([]string, 3)
   fmt.Println("emp:", s, "len:", len(s), "cap:", cap(s)) // Output: emp: [   ] len: 3 cap: 3

   // Set values for the first three elements of the slice
   s[0] = "a"
   s[1] = "b"
   s[2] = "c"
   fmt.Println("set:", s) // Output: set: [a b c]

   // Access the third element of the slice
   fmt.Println("get:", s[2]) // Output: get: c

   // Print the length of the slice
   fmt.Println("len:", len(s)) // Output: len: 3

   // Append new elements to the slice
   s = append(s, "d")
   s = append(s, "e", "f")
   fmt.Println("apd:", s) // Output: apd: [a b c d e f]

   // Create a new slice `c` with the same length as `s` and copy elements from `s` to `c`
   c := make([]string, len(s))
   copy(c, s)
   fmt.Println("cpy:", c) // Output: cpy: [a b c d e f]

   // Slice a portion of `s` from index 2 (inclusive) to index 5 (exclusive)
   l := s[2:5]
   fmt.Println("sl1:", l) // Output: sl1: [c d e]

   // Slice `s` from the beginning (inclusive) to index 5 (exclusive)
   l = s[:5]
   fmt.Println("sl2:", l) // Output: sl2: [a b c d e]

   // Slice `s` from index 2 (inclusive) to the end
   l = s[2:]
   fmt.Println("sl3:", l) // Output: sl3: [c d e f]

   // Declare and initialize a slice `t` with values in a single line
   t := []string{"g", "h", "i"}
   fmt.Println("dcl:", t) // Output: dcl: [g h i]

   // Declare another slice `t2` with the same values as `t`
   t2 := []string{"g", "h", "i"}

   // Use the `slices.Equal` function to check if `t` and `t2` are equal
   if slices.Equal(t, t2) {
       fmt.Println("t == t2") // Output: t == t2
   }

   // Create a 2-dimensional slice of integers
   twoD := make([][]int, 3)
   for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
       innerLen := i + 1
       twoD[i] = make([]int, innerLen)
       for j := 0; j < innerLen; j++ {
           twoD[i][j] = i + j
       }
   }
   fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD) // Output: 2d:  [[0] [1 2] [2 3 4]]
}

```

#### Output

```
uninit: [] true true
emp: [  ] len: 3 cap: 3
set: [a b c]
get: c
len: 3
apd: [a b c d e f]
cpy: [a b c d e f]
sl1: [c d e]
sl2: [a b c d e]
sl3: [c d e f]
dcl: [g h i]
t == t2
2d:  [[0] [1 2] [2 3 4]]
```

Let's break down the code step by step:

1.  **Package Import:**

    ```go
    package main

    import (
        "fmt"
        "slices"
    )
    ```

    * The `main` package is the entry point for the executable.
    * It imports the "fmt" package for formatted I/O and a custom "slices" package (presumably defined elsewhere) for a function called `Equal`.
2.  **Main Function:**

    ```go
    func main() {
        // ...
    }
    ```

    * The `main` function is the starting point of the program.
3.  **Slice Declaration and Initialization:**

    ```go
    var s []string
    fmt.Println("uninit:", s, s == nil, len(s) == 0)

    s = make([]string, 3)
    fmt.Println("emp:", s, "len:", len(s), "cap:", cap(s))
    ```

    * Declares an uninitialized slice `s` and prints its properties.
    * Initializes `s` with a length of 3 using `make`, and prints the slice along with its length and capacity.
4.  **Slice Modification:**

    ```go
    s[0] = "a"
    s[1] = "b"
    s[2] = "c"
    fmt.Println("set:", s)
    fmt.Println("get:", s[2])
    fmt.Println("len:", len(s))
    ```

    * Sets values in the slice `s`, prints the modified slice, retrieves and prints an element, and prints the length of the slice.
5.  **Slice Appending:**

    ```go
    s = append(s, "d")
    s = append(s, "e", "f")
    fmt.Println("apd:", s)
    ```

    * Appends elements "d", "e", and "f" to the slice `s` using the `append` function, and prints the resulting slice.
6.  **Slice Copying:**

    ```go
    c := make([]string, len(s))
    copy(c, s)
    fmt.Println("cpy:", c)
    ```

    * Creates a new slice `c` with the same length as `s` using `make`.
    * Copies the elements of `s` to `c` using the `copy` function and prints the copied slice.
7.  **Slice Slicing:**

    ```go
    l := s[2:5]
    fmt.Println("sl1:", l)

    l = s[:5]
    fmt.Println("sl2:", l)

    l = s[2:]
    fmt.Println("sl3:", l)
    ```

    * Demonstrates various ways to create sub-slices of the original slice `s` and prints the results.
8.  **Slice Declaration and Initialization with Literal Values:**

    ```go
    t := []string{"g", "h", "i"}
    fmt.Println("dcl:", t)
    ```

    * Declares and initializes a slice `t` with literal values "g", "h", and "i", and prints the slice.
9.  **Custom Slice Equality Check:**

    ```go
    t2 := []string{"g", "h", "i"}
    if slices.Equal(t, t2) {
        fmt.Println("t == t2")
    }
    ```

    * Uses a custom function `Equal` from the "slices" package to check if slices `t` and `t2` are equal and prints a message accordingly.
10. **Two-Dimensional Slice:**

    ```go
    twoD := make([][]int, 3)
    // ... (nested loop to initialize values)
    fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)
    ```

    * Creates a two-dimensional slice `twoD` with three inner slices.
    * Initializes values in the two-dimensional slice using a nested loop.
    * Prints the two-dimensional slice.

This tutorial covers fundamental concepts related to slices in Go, including creation, modification, appending, copying, slicing, and working with two-dimensional slices. The custom `Equal` function demonstrates how you can extend functionality by creating your own utility functions.
